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[ فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي ايران ] - Iranian journal of chemical engineering
- شروع کننده موضوع P O U R I A
- تاریخ شروع
Title: Simulation Study of Enhanced Condensate Recovery in a Gas-Condensate Reservoir Author(s): Sh. Amini , B. Aminshahidy , M. Afshar Paper language: English |
Abstract: In gas condensate reservoirs, by reservoir depletion, pressure decreases below the dew point pressure of the fluid and condensate forms in the reservoir. This heavy part of the gas has found many applications in industry and also in daily life. When condensate drops out in the reservoir not only is this valuable liquid lost, but also its accumulation results in forming a condensate bank near the wellbore region. The created bank makes a considerable reduction in gas well productivity. These facts demonstrate that finding an economical way to increase the condensate recovery from condensate reservoirs is essential. In this study gas injection has been simulated in a gas condensate reservoir to increase the condensate recovery factor. In addition, capability of injection of different types of gas in condensate recovery has been compared through different injection schemes. The injection schemes that have been considered are: different injection rates, different reservoir pressures at which the injection is implemented and different injection durations. A compositional simulator was applied to simulate a simplified gas condensate reservoir model. The injection pattern was a one-eighth of a five-spot pattern with finer grids near the producer and injector. The simulation results showed an increase in condensate recovery from 5% to 30% in all injection cases. Many parameters can affect the decision of selecting the injection scheme, other than the gas and condensate recovery factor. Therefore, an economical evaluation and analysis is inevitable to take them all into account to determine the optimum scheme. |
Keywords: Enhanced Condensate Recovery, Gas Condensate Reservoirs, Gas Recycling, Reservoir Simulation, Condensate Drop, Out |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/6b74f14n4fn53r6/4585-2530701-75W.pdf
Title: Extension of Trout Fish Shelf Life by Ozone Treatment Author(s): B. Mosayebi Dehkordi , N. Zokaie Paper language: English |
Abstract: The shelf life of fish was extended using disinfection properties of ozone. For this purpose, Trout specimens were exposed to ozone in the aqueous media for two hours and their microbial growth and biochemical properties were measured over time. Microbial growth of ozone treated fish was significantly slower than the control sample, resulting in lower counts of bacteria (Acceptable point: less than 5*104/gr or cm2). According to the biochemical tests; ozone treatment had no negative effects on fat, protein and the humidity of the fish. Peroxide and TVN (Total Volatile Nitrogen) measurements showed that treatment by ozone increased the trout shelf life from 4 days to 6 days. According to the sensory analysis, no changes were observed in the color or flavor of the ozone treated trout. |
Keywords: Fish, Ozone, Shelf Life, Trout |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/ze32nbrm4z3a9on/4585-12653520-ROG.pdf
Title: Surface Adsorption of Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinyl Alcohol with Variable Molecular Weights on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Author(s): Gh. Nabiyouni , A. Barati , M. Saadat Paper language: English |
Abstract: Polymer adsorption by nanoparticles improves the stability of these types of suspensions against aggregation. In this work, the surface adsorption of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different molecular weights onto the Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles is studied. The effects of solution pH value and temperature on the adsorption process are also investigated. The ZnO nanoparticles are then analyzed using Fourier transform infra red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The aggregation of nano particles before and after polymer adsorption is also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that by adsorbing the PEG and PVA, due to a relatively large electrostatic repulsive force between ZnO nano particles, the size of aggregated nanoparticles decreases. It has also been revealed that the low molecular weight polymers exhibit a higher adsorption rate on the particles’ surfaces in comparison to the polymers with high molecular weight. |
Keywords: Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Adsorption, PEG, PVA, Molecular Weight |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/0fktzq02e2x01nb/4585-16871380-XUM.pdf
Title: Abatement of Benzyl Alcohol and Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) from Polluted Air Over Nanostructured Mn -Supported Alumina Catalyst Author(s): S.A. Hosseini , D. Salari , A. Niaei , H. Afshary , F. Aghazadeh Paper language: English |
Abstract: Total combustion of methyl ethyl ketone and benzyl alcohol as two models of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using catalytic method was studied over γ-Al2O3 and Mn/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Catalyst (Mn/γ-Al2O3) was prepared by wet impregnation and characterized using XRD, BET, ICP-AES and SEM methods and the nanostructure of the catalyst were approved. The activity of the catalysts was measured in a catalytic packed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and different reaction temperatures at range 150 to 450°C. The studies confirmed that manganese supported on γ-Al2O3 can be suitable for the abatement of the mentioned pollutants from contaminated air and hopefully holds the promise for the elimination of VOC containing hazardous materials in industrial applications. |
Keywords: Mn,γ, Al2O3, VOCs, Catalytic Oxidation, Benzyl Alcohol, Methyl Ethyl Ketone |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/dwpblxz902aa9up/4585-26150670-3ZR.pdf
| Title: The Experimental Study of Effective Parameters on Mean Drop Size in a Mixer-Settler Author(s): M. Zaheri , H. Aboalghasemi , M. Ghannadi Maragheh , P. Zaheri , A. Ahmadi Paper language: English |
Abstract: In this investigation, in order to study the effect of hydrodynamic parameters such as impeller speed and hold-up, two series of experiments have been performed with a single stage horizontal mixer-settler equipped with 2 four-blade impellers. In the first series, 15 experiments were carried out with toluene/water system and in the second series, 60 experiments were carried out with toluene/acetone/water system. Results show that in both systems, when the hold-up is constant, the mean drop size decreases with increasing impeller speed and when the impeller speed is constant, the mean drop size increases with increasing hold-up, however, these manners for any system are different quantitatively. It shows that with the addition of solute (acetone) concentration in the system, the mean drop size decreases. The experimental results were compared with the Desnoyer and Quadros models, of which the Quadros model has a little deviation from Desnoyer model. |
Keywords: Mean Drop Size, Hold, Up, Solute, Mixer, Settler, Impeller Speed |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/45f253uaxf4fm9g/4585-32055698-3ZR.pdf
Title: Prediction of Gas Hydrate Forming Pressures by Using PR Equation of State and Different Mixing Rules Author(s): M. Karamoddin , F. Varaminian Paper language: English |
Abstract: In this work, the ability of different mixing rules for the prediction of hydrate formation pressure are compared. For this purpose, by using Van der Waals–Plauteeuw model for solid hydrate phase and PR equation of state for calculation of fugasity of components in gas and liquid phases, the pressure of hydrate formation in different mixtures has been calculated by four different mixing rules: Van der Waals, Danesh, GNQ and Wong-Sandler, then by comparison of the calculated results with experimental data, the accuracy of the mixing rules were determined. Studied systems contain binary mixtures CH4, C2H6, C3H8, i-C4H10, CO2, and H2S with water in hydrate forming conditions. The interaction parameters in each mixture have been optimized by using two phase equilibrium data and then the optimized parameters have been used for three phase equilibrium calculations. Comparison of the calculated pressure of hydrate forming with experimental pressure shows that for most mixtures in the studied temperature and pressure ranges, the GNQ mixing rule with an average percent of error 6% has more accuracy than the three other mixing rules: Van der Waals, Danesh and WS. According to the obtained results for methane equilibrium concentrations in liquid phase, it seems that Danesh mixing rule is more efficient for the prediction the mole concentrations of components. Since Danesh rule considers the polarity of the water molecule, it has greater precision in predicting the equilibrium fractions. |
Keywords: Mixing Rules, Peng, Robinson, Equation of State, Gas Hydrate, Three Phase Equilibria |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/agw5gt1y8dy0do1/4585-38804312-NKC.pdf
Title: Thermal and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on PA6/NBR Author(s): P. Mahallati , A. Arefazar , Gh. Naderi Paper language: English |
Abstract: Morphological and thermal properties of PA6/NBR nanocomposites prepared through a direct melt mixing process in an internal mixer were studied. The effects of the NBR content (10, 30, and 50%) and nanoclay loading (3, 5, and 7%) on the microstructure properties of nanocomposites have been reported and compared with PA6/NBR blends as well. The thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), volume swelling in oil, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). XRD results show that Cloisite 30B is exfoliated into the PA6 and NBR. TEM image of the PA6/NBR/nanoclay composite confirms partial exfoliated structure of silicate layers dispersed into the both NBR and PA6 phases. The SEM photomicrograph of PA6/NBR nanocomposite shows an increasing of the rubber particles size in comparison with unfilled PA6/NBR TPE. By the presence of nanoclay, improved oil resistances of the prepared TPE nanocomposites were achieved. DSC studies show that loading of the nanoclay reduces the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposite samples. The DMTA test shows that storage modulus of the PA6/NBR nanocomposite increases in comparison with the PA6/NBR blend. It also explains a reduction in damping by loading of the nanoclay. |
Keywords: Nanocomposites, Thermoplastic Elastomers, Polyamide 6, NBR, Nanoclay |
http://www.mediafire.com/?wagmi55xba7dw5f
| فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي ايران Iranian journal of chemical engineering ISSN 1735-5397 فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي داراي رتبه علمي - پژوهشي (فني مهندسي) به زبان انگليسي سال هشتم، شماره 2 (پياپي 23)، Spring 2011 |
Title: An AHP-Delphi Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model with Application to Environmental Decision-Making Author(s): M. Pirdashti , M. Omidi , H. Pirdashti , M. H. Hassim Paper language: English |
Abstract: Today, the advantage of biotechnology, especially from an environmental aspect, is undeniable compared to other technologies. Kimia Gharb Gostar Industries Company (KGGICO) - the largest producer of citric acid in the Middle East, is one of the companies that applies biotechnology. Citrogypsum is a by–product of citric acid production and is considered a valid residuum of this company. In this paper, acid citric production and condition of citrogypsum production in the company were introduced besides the definition of citrogypsum production and its applications around the world. Based on this information and the evaluation of present conditions regarding Iran’s demands for citrogypsum, the best priority was introduced, and strategy selection and proper programming emphasized for self-sufficiency. The Delphi technique was used to elicit expert opinions about the criteria for evaluating the usages. The criteria identified by the experts were profitability, capacity of production, the degree of investment, marketable, production ease, and time of production. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software were used to compare the alternatives based on the criteria derived from the Delphi process. |
Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP, Delphi, Multi, Criteria Decision Making, Citrogypsum |
http://www.mediafire.com/?lm6ayngc09s8i3u
Title: Developing Adaptive Differential Evolution as a New Evolutionary Algorithm, Application in Optimization of Chemical Processes Author(s): B. Vaferi , A. Jahanmiri Paper language: English |
Abstract: Differential Evolution algorithm (DE), one of the evolutionary algorithms, is a new optimization technique capable of handling non-differentiable, non-linear and multimodal objective functions. DE needs a large run time for optimizing the complex objective function. Thus, an attempt to speed up DE is necessary. This paper introduces a modification on original DE that enhances the convergence rate by reducing vector dispersal at any iteration. Our Adaptive Differential Evolution algorithm (ADE) utilizes variable scaling parameter (F) against constant scaling parameter in original DE at any iteration. The proposed ADE is applied to optimize three non-linear chemical engineering problems. The obtained results have been compared with those results obtained using DE. The considered comparison criteria are the vectors dispersal, convergence history (run time and number of iterations that led to reach to global optimum) and error in any iteration. As compared to DE, ADE is found to perform better in locating the global optimal solution, reduces the memory and computational efforts by reducing the number of iterations required to reach the global optimal solution for all the considered problems. |
Keywords: Global Optimization, Evolutionary Algorithm, Differential Evolution, Adaptive Differential Evolution, Variable Scaling Parameter |
http://www.mediafire.com/?b8h30t8n3kkbcd6
Title: Screening Effective Factors in Slurry Phase Bioremediation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Contaminated Soil Author(s): G. Sheibani , F. Naeimpoor , P. Hejazi Paper language: English |
Abstract: Soil contamination with TNT is a serious environmental hazard due to the toxic and mutagenic effects of TNT. Bioremediation is an environmentally safe method in the treatment of explosive-contaminated sites. In the present research, after selection of superior bacteria in the aqueous phase, bioremediation of TNT contaminated clay soil at 1000mg/kg was performed in slurry phase, which resulted in a maximum TNT removal of 89% after 15 days. Afterwards, the effects of operational and environmental factors were examined via the two-level fractional factorial design method ( ) for seven factors, i.e., glucose (2, 8g/l), yeast extract (0, 0.2g/l), (NH4)2SO4 (0.1, 0.5g/l), Tween80 (1, 5g/l) and slurry concentrations (20, 40%w/v) as well as inoculum size (5, 10%v/v) and temperature (20, 35˚C). Among these factors, significant factors were found to be slurry, surfactant and glucose concentrations as well as inoculum size. In addition, considerable interactions were observed between glucose and the other significant factors. |
Keywords: Bioremediation, Explosive, Fractional Factorial Design, Slurry Phase, TNT |
http://www.mediafire.com/?nhfexsbp8jyk7xd
Title: Adsorption of Cd(II) by Dried Activated Sludge Author(s): A. Khosravan , B. Lashkari Paper language: English |
Abstract: The biosorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions by dried activated sludge was investigated as a function of initial pH, initial cadmium ion concentration, adsorbent mass, adsorbent particle size and temperature. Biosorption experiments were performed using activated sludge of the systems of wastewater refining of milk factory. The results showed that increasing the initial pH from 2 to 5.5 and the adsorbent mass from 0.5g to 2g increased the removal efficiency from 11% to 68% and 68% to 79% respectively. Increasing the adsorbent particle sizes from smaller than 0.063mm to greater than 0.5mm and the initial cadmium ion concentration from 15ppm to 120ppm decreased the removal efficiency from 77% to 67% and 80% to 54% respectively. The equilibrium data fitted both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, but the Freundlich isotherm was found to fit the experimental data slightly better than the Langmuir isotherm. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm have been determined. Maximum adsorption capacity (q0) was calculated at different temperatures (303, 318, and 333 K) 1.283, 1.581 and 1.726 mg/g, respectively. The dimensionless separation factor (RL) showed that the activated sludge of milk factory can be used for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The results (n, RL) represented good and favorable adsorption. Therefore, the activated sludge could remove Cd(II) ions effectively from aqueous solution. |
Keywords: Biosorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Heavy Metal, Activated Sludge, Industrial Wastewater |
http://www.mediafire.com/?zgjjtjd1dnjcgg0
Title: A Microcosm Study on P-Nitrophenol Biodegradation in Soil Slurry by Alcaligenes Faecalise: Plackett-Burman Design Author(s): P. Pirie , F. Naeimpoor , P. Hejazi Paper language: English |
Abstract: Contamination of soils with nitroaromatic hydrocarbons, due to their toxic effects, is one of the environmental issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine para-nitrophenol (PNP) biodegradation in a microcosm consisting of kaolan clayey soil by A. faecalis, the superior bacterium among the four examined bacterial species. Preliminary experiments were performed in slurry phase to investigate biodegradation of PNP by A. faecalis in shaking flasks at initial concentrations of 25 and 50mgkg-1 which resulted in 72 and 57% PNP removals after 20 days, respectively. To identify the effective factors on PNP biodegradation, experiments were carried out in shake flasks at various levels of eight factors, i.e. PNP, glucose and yeast concentrations, temperature, soil-water ratio, initial pH, inoculum size as well as PNP concentration in pre-exposure based on Plackett-Burman design method. Results showed 20.9 up to 75.5% PNP removal in soil slurry after 12 days within the design space. Analysis of variance revealed that temperature, inoculum size, yeast extract concentration, pH and soil-water ratio are the most effective factors on PNP biodegradation, respectively. |
Keywords: Alcaligenes faecalis, Bioremediation, Contaminated Soil, P, Nitrophenol, Plackett, Burman |
http://www.mediafire.com/?dzdxp5stjyyi1gz
Title: Comparative Study of Two Various Percent of CO Injection Effect to Cascade Methanol Synthesis Reactor in the Presence of Long-term Catalyst Deactivation Author(s): M. Bayat , F. Rahmani , T. Ghiyami , M. R. Rahimpour Paper language: English |
Abstract: In this paper, a heterogeneous one-dimensional model for simulation of cascade methanol reactor has been developed, while the various percent of CO was injected to these reactors. In the cascade reactor configuration, a system with two-catalyst bed instead of one single catalyst bed is applied for methanol synthesis. In the first catalyst bed, the synthesis gas is partly converted to methanol in a water-cooled reactor. In the second bed, which is a gas-cooled reactor, the reaction heat is used to preheat the feed gas to the first bed. In this study, the various percent CO injections of feed entrance (1% and 2%) to different reactors (first and second reactor) of conventional dual type methanol reactor have been considered. The simulation results represent 5.127% and 4.158% enhancement in the yield of methanol production in comparison with conventional dual type methanol reactor (CDMR) and membrane dual type methanol reactor (MDMR) respectively, while 2% CO was injected to the first reactor. Also, by CO injection to the feed, water produced during methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation which accelerates the catalyst deactivation and reduces methanol production rate, is reduced greatly. |
Keywords: Methanol Synthesis, CO Injection, Cascade Reactor, Catalyst Deactivation |
http://www.mediafire.com/?cooye728dc83fp4
Title: Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids Flows Through an Isothermally Heated Curved Pipe Author(s): E. Ebrahimnia-Bajestan , H. Niazmand Paper language: English |
Abstract: In the current study, numerical simulation of laminar flow and heat transfer of water mixture with carbon nanotubes (CNT) as nanofluids in a 90 degree curved pipe are considered. The incompressible Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved numerically in a body fitted coordinates system using a control volume technique. An interfacial layer-based model is applied to predict the thermal conductivity of nanofluid. The axial velocity contours, secondary flow patterns and temperature fields for different values of the particles concentrations are examined in detail. Furthermore, the effects of nanoparticles concentration on the heat transfer are studied. The results indicate that due to the secondary flows induced by curvature effects, the heat transfer rate is improved, and enhanced remarkably further using nanofluids. Furthermore, the nanoparticles, especially at higher concentration levels, generate more uniform cross sectional temperature distributions. |
Keywords: Numerical Study, Curved Pipe, Nanofluid, Carbon Nanotubes, Convective Heat Transfer |
http://www.mediafire.com/?3aeo115n5roley3
| فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي ايران Iranian journal of chemical engineering ISSN 1735-5397 فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي داراي رتبه علمي - پژوهشي (فني مهندسي) به زبان انگليسي سال هشتم، شماره 3 (پياپي 24)، Summer 2011 |
Title: Molecular Simulation of Asphaltene Aggregation in Crude Oil by Monte Carlo Method Author(s): M. Faraji , A. R. Solaimany Nazar Paper language: English |
Abstract: Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to study the aggregation of asphaltene phenomenon in crude oil. Simulation is accomplished by applying two different potential functions to allow for asphaltene-asphaltene, asphaltene- resin and resin-resin interactions to take place. Asphaltene molecule is considered as a flat molecule, consisting of seven spheres. Resin molecule is considered to be a single sphere and the other hydrocarbons molecules contained in crude oil are modeled as a continuum media. The effect of media on intermolecular interactions is described by definition of a parameter that is composed of two dielectric and Hamaker constants. The effects of asphaltene concentration, temperature and solvent type on the aggregation of asphaltene molecules are investigated by applying both of the potential functions. The predicted results are compared. |
Keywords: Asphaltene, Monte Carlo, Simulation, Intermolecular Interaction, Aggregation |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/admztbtp1zuez79/4585-2895777-A8Z.pdf
Title: Application of ESD and PR+Wong Sandler Mixing rule Equations of State to Study Methane Hydrate Formation in the Presence of Different Inhibitors Author(s): H. Tavasoli , M. R. Dehghani , F. Feyzi Paper language: English |
Abstract: Due to existing inhibitors in capable hydrate forming mixture, extra intermolecular interactions affect hydrate formation conditions. Predicting hydrate formation conditions is not possible without considering these interactions. In this work, two different equations of state (EOS) are used and compared to predict the hydrate formation pressure in the presence of inhibitors. The EOSs applied are Elliout-Suresh-Donohue (ESD) EOS and Peng-Robinson (PR) EOS with Wong-Sandler (WS) mixing rules. Parrish and Prausnitz hydrate formation algorithm is coupled with flash calculations to predict hydrate formation pressure at different temperatures and different concentrations of polar inhibitors. Pure and binary interaction parameters are obtained for ESD EOS. On the other hand, necessary unknown parameters which should be used in applying PR with WS mixing rules are adjusted on experimental hydrate formation condition data. Number of water hydrogen bonding sites, which are used in calculations, is also determined. Hydrate formation pressure for different polar inhibitors (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol) in various concentrations is predicted with applying the two EOSs. To investigate the ability of the ESD EOS in predicting gas mixture hydrate formation conditions, four different gas mixtures are considered in the absence and presence of hydrate inhibitor. Generally, ESD EOS shows better results in comparison with PR EOS + WS mixing rule. |
Keywords: Gas Hydrate, Methane, ESD EOS, PR EOS+WS Mixing Rule, Flash Calculation |
http://www.mediafire.com/?5098z3aw15ztg5j
Title: The Effect of Cobalt Naphthenate and 2-benzoylbenzoic Acid on UV-Degradation of LDPE Author(s): E. A. Eltayeb , A. R. Mahdavian , M. Barikani Paper language: English |
Abstract: The effect of cobalt naphthenate and 2-benzoylbenzoic acid on UV-photooxidative degradation of low density polyethylene have been studied. Sheets of these samples were prepared from polyethylene and different concentrations of cobalt naphthenate and 2-benzoylbenzoic acid then these samples were UV-irradiated. Changes in the carbonyl index, tensile strength, elongation at break, crystallinity and density were measured to monitor the degradation. The measurements were done before and after UV-irradiation at every 30-day interval for 90 days. The results show that the UV-irradiation affects the rate of degradation of LDPE with increasing the concentration of the cobalt naphthenate and 2-benzoylbenzoic acid. The increasing rate of degradation is more obvious for the increased concentration of cobalt naphthenate and also the time of irradiation, but the rate of degradation is decreased by incorporation of 2-benzoylbenzoic acid. |
Keywords: Mechanical Properties, Photooxidative Degradation, UV, degradation, Cobalt Naphthenate, 2, benzoylbenzoic Acid |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/ufc8fsxx1vxvkq4/4585-29923091-IF8(2).pdf
Title: Solvent Extraction of Zinc from Acidic Solution Obtained from Cold Purification Filter Cake of Angouran Mine Concentrate Using D2EHPA Author(s): A.A. Balesini , H. Razavizadeh , A. Zakeri Paper language: English |
Abstract: Filter cakes obtained in the conventional acid leaching of zinc concentrate are considered a major secondary source for zinc. Solvent extraction may be utilized for the selective separation of zinc from other elements in hydrometallurgical processing of such resources. In the present work, extraction of zinc from the solution obtained from sulfuric acid leaching of cold purification filter cake of Angouran concentrate were performed by using D2EHPA as the extractant. The effects of extractant concentration diluted in Kerosene, solution pH and phase ratio (O:A) were investigated and their optimized values were obtained to be 40 vol.%, 2.5-3 and 4:1, respectively. Under these conditions, 98.8% of Zn could be extracted. |
Keywords: Zinc Hydrometallurgy, Purification, Filter Cake, D2EHPA |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/f7qvstu2627a2fe/4585-41506266-96X.pdf
| فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي ايران Iranian journal of chemical engineering ISSN 1735-5397 فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي داراي رتبه علمي - پژوهشي (فني مهندسي) به زبان انگليسي سال هشتم، شماره 4 (پياپي 25)، Autumn2011 |
Title: Prediction of Mean Drop Size in Pulsed Packed Extraction Columns Author(s): Meisam Torab-Mostaedi1 , Jaber Safdari1 , Farzad Torabi-Hokmabadi Paper language: English |
Abstract: Sauter mean drop sizes have been measured in a pulsed packed extraction column for two liquid systems with and without mass transfer conditions. The effects of pulsation intensity, phase flow rates, and interfacial tension on drop size have been investigated under a variety of operating conditions. The drop size is influenced mainly by pulsation intensity and interfacial tension. Significant, but weaker, are the effects of continuous and dispersed phase flow rates. A precise correlation is proposed for predicting mean drop size in terms of operating variables, physical properties of the liquid systems and mass transfer direction. Good agreement between prediction and experiments is found for all operating conditions that were investigated. |
Keywords: Pulsed Packed Column, Sauter Mean Diameter, Drop Size, Holdup |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/4o6l6nuj44s7ufm/4585-2885559-52T.pdf
Title: Use of Agricultural Waste for Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution Author(s): I. Khazaei1 , M. Aliabadi1 , H. T. Hamed Mosavian2 Paper language: English |
Abstract: Adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto activated carbon, almond and apricot shells was investigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters like contact time, initial concentration, pH , temperature, agitation speed, absorbent dose and particle size. The adsorption was solution pH dependent and the maximum adsorption was observed at solution pH of 2.0. The amounts of Cr(VI) adsorbed increased with increase in dose of both adsorbents and their contact time. A contact time of 30 min was found to be optimum. Experimental results show low cost biosorbent was effective for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solution. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave a better fit of the experimental data compared to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Experimental data showed a good fit with the Freundlich isotherm model. |
Keywords: Removal of Chromium, Adsorption Isotherm, Low Cost Absorbent, Kinetic |
http://www.mediafire.com/download/w0k2u093eolv023/4585-10580394-PNF.pdf
Title: COx Free Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Decomposition of Methane Over Porous Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts Author(s): S. Makvandi , S. M. Alavi Paper language: English |
Abstract: The prepared mesoporous spherical alumina with high-surface area was employed as a support for nickel catalysts in methane decomposition reaction. It was observed that, the catalytic activity of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts was high at the initial times of reaction and decreased with time on stream, and finally reached a constant value. The deactivation rate of catalysts is dependent on the catalyst characteristics and the operating conditions. The activity results indicate that, the yield of hydrogen and the structure of deposited carbon are strongly dependent on the loading amount of Ni. The SEM results showed that carbon formed on the catalysts in the form of filamentous carbon. Concerning hydrogen production, the 10%Ni/ Al2O3 catalyst leads to a higher yield, due to the higher amount of active phases which can catalyze further the number of methane molecules, while lesser amounts of filamentous carbon were observed on this catalyst than for 5 and 7.5%Ni/ Al2O3 catalysts at the same operating condition. The yield of hydrogen and structure of filamentous carbon also significantly depend on the reaction temperatures and residence time of gas in the reactor, as the 10%Ni/ Al2O3 catalyst showed a remarkable stability with a decrease of about 14% at 800 °C and 25 ml/min after 240 min of reaction. The obtained results showed that the prepared Ni/ Al2O3 catalysts had a good activity in methane decomposition reaction, which is one of the highest activities among those for low nickel loaded catalysts reported up until now. |
Keywords: Methane Decomposition, Ni,Al2O3, Carbon Filaments, COx, Free Hydrogen |
http://www.mediafire.com/?fnw988dqxovpww2
Title: Microencapsulation of Ethion by Interfacial Polymerization Utilizing Potassium Phthalimide N-oxyl (PPINO) as a Promoter Author(s): M. R. Moghbeli , V. Abedi , M. G. Dekamin Paper language: English |
Abstract: Polyurea microcapsules containing an active agent, i.e. ethion as pesticide, have been prepared by interfacial polymerization between 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) in an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion system. The effects of the nature of the emulsifier, the monomer weight ratio, and a novel promoter, i.e. potassium phthalimide-N-oxyl (PPINO), on the morphology, microstructure, and thermal stability of the microcapsules have been investigated. PPINO was used as a water-soluble promoter capable of dimerizing and trimerizing the isocyanate reactant in the interfacial polymerization. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed that the addition of the promoter had no significant effect on the microcapsule shell thickness. Increasing the amount of PPINO caused the degree of crystallinity of the polymer shell to decrease considerably. In addition, increasing the amount of promoter up to 2 wt% caused the thermal stability of the microcapsules to decrease, while using promoter beyond this level resulted in higher thermal stability. |
Keywords: Microcapsule, Interfacial Polymerization, Potassium Phthalimide, N, oxyl (PPINO) Promoter, Morphology |
http://www.mediafire.com/?jz1g971sfydghid
Title: Studies of Migration of Styrene Monomer from Polystyrene Packaging into the Food Simulant Author(s): Z. Amirshaghaghi , Z. Emam Djomeh , A. Oromiehie Paper language: English |
Abstract: Migration of styrene monomer from polystyrene (PS) dishes was conducted during this research at temperatures of 5, 20, and 40C. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, these experiments were performed in contact with 10%ethanol as a food simulant for the oil in water (o/w) emulsions. The dishes were filled in each of the defined temperatures and stored for 35 days. In relatively close intervals (1, 7, 15, 24, and 35 days) the amount of migration which occurred was determined by means of Head Space Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). By increasing storage time and temperature, the amount of migration was increased and in all times and temperatures styrene monomer was detected. In addition, a mathematical model based on the Fick’s second law was validated to predict migration from packaging material into the 10% ethanol. The resulted diffusion coefficients were 3.6×10-18, 4.9×10-18, and 6×10-18 (m2/s) in 5 ,20 and 40C respectively. |
Keywords: Migration, Polystyrene, Diffusion Coefficient, HS, GC, MS |
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Title: Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aqueous Solution by Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) in Batch System Author(s): F. Zeinali , A. A. Ghoreyshi , G. Najafpour Paper language: English |
Abstract: Chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatics are the major volatile organic compounds that contaminate the ground water and industrial waste waters. The best way to overcome this problem is to recover the dissolved compounds in water. In order to evaluate the potential ability of granular activated carbon (GAC) for recovery of volatile organic compounds from water, the equilibrium adsorption was investigated. This study deals with the adsorption of dichloromethane as a typical chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOCs) and toluene as the representative of aromatic volatile organic compounds on a commercial GAC. The adsorption isotherms of these two volatile organic compounds on GAC were measured at three different temperatures, toluene at 293, 303 and 313 K and dichloromethane at 298, 303 and 313 K within their solubility concentration range in water. The maximum adsorption capacity of dichloromethane and toluene adsorption by GAC was 4 and 0.2 mol/Kg-1, respectively. The experimental data obtained were correlated with different adsorption isotherm models. The Langmuir model was well adapted to the description of dichloromethane adsorption on GAC at all three temperatures, while the adsorption of toluene on GAC was found to be well described by the Langmuir-BET hybrid model at all three temperatures. The heat of adsorption was also calculated based on the thermodynamic equation of Clausius–Clapeyron, which indicates the adsorption process is endothermic for both compounds. |
Keywords: Adsorption, Dichloromethane, Toluene, Isotherm, GAC |
http://www.mediafire.com/?c7we8t9qq7qdgle
| Title: Experimental Study of Phase Inversion in n-Butylacetate-Water, Kerosene-Water, and n-Heptane-Water Systems in a Rotating Disc Contactor Column Author(s): N. Hedayat , M.-A. Moosavian , P. Khadiv-Parsi Paper language: English |
Abstract: An experimental study of the phase inversion phenomenon was carried out in a rotating disc contactor (9.3 cm diameter). The effect of energy input via agitation and physical properties of the liquids upon inversion holdup and also delay time (time of inversion) was investigated at the constant input flow rate of the dispersed phase under no mass transfer conditions. Water was chosen as the continuous phase, and it was kept stagnant inside the column. The critical dispersed phase holdup was found to be decreased by increasing the energy input via agitation. It was observed that the lower both the interfacial tension and the density difference of two phases, the greater the resistance of the system to inversion. Moreover, a reduction in delay time was observed by increasing the energy input via agitation. |
Keywords: Phase Inversion, Rotating Disc Contactor (RDC), Holdup, Delay Time |
http://www.mediafire.com/?x7995zk0tqcmyw3
| فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي ايران Iranian journal of chemical engineering ISSN 1735-5397 فصلنامه مهندسي شيمي داراي رتبه علمي - پژوهشي (فني مهندسي) به زبان انگليسي سال نهم، شماره 1 (پياپي 26)، Winter 2012 |
Title: Prediction of Electricity Generation in a Duel Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Author(s): A. Khazraei Vizhemehr , H. R. Kariminia , S. Yaghmaei Paper language: English |
Abstract: Electricity generation in a duel chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) consisting of graphite anode electrode, platinum cathode electrode and Nafion 117 membrane was investigated. Anaerobic sludge was used as the source of microorganisms in the anode chamber. Acetic acid as the sole carbon source along with other nutrients was added to the anode chamber in a batch or repeated-batch modes. System curves and polarization curves were obtained in different operational conditions and the internal resistance of the system was calculated. Electricity generation by MFC in both batch and repeated-batch modes was modeled using a biofilm based hypothesis and the results were compared with experimental data. |
Keywords: Microbial Fuel Cell, Biofilm Based Model, Electricity Generation |
http://www.mediafire.com/?b78mea3f683bizj
Title: Group Contribution Method for Predicting the Phase Behavior of Binary Mixtures Containing Carbon Dioxide Author(s): N. Abedi , K. Nasrifar Paper language: English |
Abstract: This work deals with estimation of temperature dependent binary interaction parameters (kij) for binary systems containing CO2 using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state with a group contribution method. In this paper six groups, namely CH3, CH2, CH, CH4 (methane), C2H6 (ethane), and CO2 (carbon dioxide) are defined and their relevant values of group interaction parameters are optimized. Using this method, it is possible to estimate the kij of any mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons at any temperature along the coexistence curve. The results obtained in this study are, in most cases, accurate. |
Keywords: Binary Interaction Parameter, Carbon Dioxide, Equation of State, Group Contribution, Vapor – liquid Equilibria |
http://www.mediafire.com/?pcpt5fkv9uqka9j
Title: CuO/ Water Nanofluid Heat Transfer Through Triangular Ducts Author(s): S. Zeinali Heris , E. Talaii , S. H. Noie Paper language: English |
Abstract: In the present paper laminar flow forced convective heat transfer of CuO/water nanofluid in a triangular duct under constant wall temperature condition is investigated numerically. Sometimes, because of pressure drop limitations the need for noncircular ducts arises in many heat transfer applications. We used nanofluid instead of pure fluid because of its potential to increase heat transfer of system. In this paper, the effect of parameters such as nanoparticles diameter, nanoparticles concentration, type of nanoparticles and heat transfer comparison between nanofluid and pure fluid is studied. Comparison of convective heat transfer of nanofluid in isosceles triangular ducts with various apex angles is also presented. In this study, for the presence of nanoparticles, the dispersion model and for solving differential equations, the finite difference method is used. Numerical results indicate an enhancement of heat transfer of fluid with changing to the suspension of nanometer-sized particles in the triangular duct. Results also defined that equilateral triangular duct has a maximum heat transfer in comparison with other types of isosceles triangular duct. |
Keywords: Heat transfer Enhancement, Triangular Duct, CuO,water Nanofluid |
http://www.mediafire.com/?5mxt9tu9u6779z7
Title: Study of Boundary Layer Convective Heat Transfer with Low Pressure Gradient Over a Flat Plate Via He’s Homotopy Perturbation Method Author(s): M. Fathizadeh , A. Aroujalian Paper language: English |
Abstract: The boundary layer convective heat transfer equations with low pressure gradient over a flat plate are solved using Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), which is one of the semi-exact methods. The nonlinear equations of momentum and energy solved simultaneously via HPM are in good agreement with results obtained from numerical methods. Using this method, a general equation in terms of Pr number and pressure gradient (λ) is derived which can be used to investigate velocity and temperature profiles in the boundary layer. |
Keywords: Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), Boundary Layer Convective Heat Transfer, Pressure Gradient |
http://www.mediafire.com/?t5eullo122d6yu5
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